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1 Alpine forest
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Alpine forest
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2 high mountain forest
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > high mountain forest
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3 сообщество
community, assemblage, associationWoody and forest-like vegetation only occurred on the fringes of perennial rivers, although improverished(угнетенный) and degraded forms were present along temporary watercourses, dongas and where outcrops (of dolerit dikes) brought groundwater (грунтовые воды) to the surface .Large areas of hillslopes in the False Upper Caroo are also covered by associations of A, with dominant association of B on gentle slopes, and of C on the steeper hillsides. These are all quite open associations with abundant grass coverage, interpersed with dwarf shrubs, low trees and patches of shrubs, all representing a sclerophyllous evergreen savanna shrub. .In the western part these woods belong to the type A, whilst further eastward the type B dominate. These are not tall woods, and average height vary between 4 and 10 m. On the numerous steep (dolerite) hillsides found between points A and B, mainly two associations predominate .This "forest reserve" is primarily grassland: montane from 1 300 to 1 800 m. with subalpine and alpine communities above 1 800 m .Русско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > сообщество
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4 расселение видов и популяций
dispersal, immigration, expansion, extending of range, pioneering new areas, spreadingspecies followed the retreating ice north, eventually extending their distribution through the entire forest and tundra region.The species has penetrated far south in the alpine-arctic region of Scandinavia, and east to the White Sea .These people originated in Manchuria or northern China and started their invasion of Siberia less than 2000 years ago, immigrating in several waves. Under the influence of the great migration of the Mongols in the 14th century they swept up from the steppes of southeast Siberia, penetrating northwards along the Lena Valley, pushing the Tungus aside .All the populations inhabiting the Arctic are offshoots of southern peoples .A period of expansion took place as the people spread along the coasts of the Bering Sea, living off the fish, seal and whales with the kayak as tool. No later than 4000 years ago they invaded the Aleutian Islands, spreading westwards from one island to the other, but not venturing to span the broad gap to the Komandorskie Islands. .To the north the expansion took the form of a huge migration along the uninhabited arctic coast of Alaska and Canada and did not stop until all of Greenland was overrun .Русско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > расселение видов и популяций
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